Place DrDAQ on the floor and configure it to measure the "sound level" with a sampling rate of 10 ms Start recording the sound level. The stiffness tests closely approximated the expected result that stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in temperature. This isnt something that you can control. That is, it is more susceptible to wear in unfavorable conditions. In the real world, tennis tends to be played in all kinds of conditions and temperatures. The temperature of the golf ball and the air temperature on the day you're playing directly affect how your ball will perform during a round. Pen. Equipment: - two tennis balls - a refrigerator - tape measurer - video camera - bluetack Variables: Leave the tennis balls in place for at least one to three hours, if possible. Here is the table for this graph showing the actual height in which the ball bounced. Do variations in temperature exposure affect tension loss in these materials differently? What mainly causes a tennis ball to bounce is all the pressure stored inside. Will the Temperature of a Tennis Ball Affect the way it bounces? The hypothesis was supported. Figure 8 Closeup of stiffness vs temperature for each nylon and polyester string. Application of the Concept to the Real World, 10 Tips To Win Doubles Tennis With A Weak Partner. Only string number 7 does not fit the pattern of stiffness being inversely related to temperature. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. On the other hand, a temperature decrease causes the gas molecules to contract and move around more sluggishly. The question of concern was whether adding heat after stabilization would start (or accelerate) tension loss. Put 2 in the freezer, also for 10 mins, so they can First, make a way for the ball to drop from the same height every time. This is because the gas molecules inside the ball expand . The balls which were placed in a freezer had a bounce percentage of 54.90. The stiffness of the gut and nylon strings seemed to be more sensitive to temperature than did the polyester and kevlar strings. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Place one of the tennis balls in the freezer for 20 mins 2. Now the equilibrium between the tension and the bonds is broken. The tennis ball was then dropped from various heights; 1, 1.5 and 2 meters above a hard surface, using a meter ruler, before it was dropped onto the ground and the resulting bounce height measured. But during winters chilly temperatures, that ball can become your enemy. The differences, however, were not great. This is due, in large part, to their construction. As a result, a cold ball has a much lower bounce. Retrieved 8 24, 2012, from LIVESTRONG: http://www.livestrong.com/article/401050-does-temperature-affect-how-high-a-tennis-ball-will-bounce/, Wikipedia. The stiffness, k, is calculated as k = dF/dx, where dF is the increase in the force when elongation increases by dx. To measure the bounciness of a ball, you can try dropping it from a height onto a hard surface. That is precisely what happened in the experiment. Each contributes to how a ball performs. The sample standard deviations for ball 1 and 2 were now found. It is the net result of the effects of elongation, tension, strain rate and temperature. Figure 6 Composite view of tension loss by string and temperature history (indexed in order of tension loss at room temperature of 20 C). A complicating factor is that the ball also changes performance with temperature. Heating the string, whether before or during tensioning increases the mobility of the molecule chains. Hi I am Andrew. A quadratic fit was next tried it is represented in Tables 9, 10 and Graphs 7, 8. For instance, you can use old balls for the second round of the experiment compared to new balls. Have another person measure and record how high the ball bounces. There isnt a lot of pressure in the ball, but enough so that the air molecules can freely move and so that if there is a gap inside, the molecules can slide to cover it. Once the arm has begun to accelerate towards the ball, the tricep brachii is then used to, The ball uses this kinetic energy to move up the usually 6 to 7 degree incline to the top of the playing field. Stiffness decreases with an increase in temperature and increases with a decrease in temperature. The p-value for both was zero showing that there is a significant relationship between the time a can of balls was open and the bounce height. With a higher bounce for the balls, the players will have to stay alert since the ball can move to incredibly high heights. Hot temperatures create more pressure whereas cold temperatures do not produce much pressure. I did notice a different in weight. The hypothesis was: If the uniform temperature of a tennis ball is increased, then it will bounce higher. While we think primarily about the effect of temperature on rackets and their strings, theres one thing that is also significantly affected by high temperatures: the balls themselves. Here is another table that shows the exact height in which the ball bounced. Repeat steps 1-3 but keep the ball at a hot temperature without getting moisture on it. The bladders are usually made of rubber or rubber like things. Then, drop the ball from a height of one meter. The deltoids and pectorals major are used to flex the shoulder. On the other hand, the thermal energy of a warmer string helps break weak bonds between molecule chains, allowing greater flow and elongation of the string during stretching. In general, players can compensate by adjusting playing style as well as making technical tweaks to their rackets and stringing configurations. As bonds break and reorient, tension decreases. (Incorporation, 2011) This method was used for a long time. A further study should be completed to see if anything else effects the balls differently to try and determine what makes the balls different. This phase was similar to the pre-tensioning heating test but an additional 100 seconds was added to allow tension to stabilize. Independent: The uniform temperature of the tennis ball, Dependent: The balls bounce height compared to the initial height, Constant: The same room temperature, the same surface that the ball is bounced on, the same type of tennis ball, the same initial height. America seemed very separated from the game until a sweep of popularity in California in 1989. Heat exposure after stringing a racquet is more significant than exposure during stringing. When a tennis ball is compressed, its internal air pressure is boosted. And we saw in Figures 7 and 8 that stiffness is proportional to temperature. Overall the residual plots show that the fit is good, but there is some considerable doubt and, it is possible another model might fit the data even better. Throughout this essay, I will not only explain what each of Newtons three laws mean, but provide a real life example of how it could relate to the game of bocce ball. The mechanism that is used to shoot the ball is a trigger, the trigger is what you pull to shoot the ball. Tennis Reviewer is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. The p-value remains, as it should at zero, when the regression was plotted in Graph 5, 6 the R squared value showed little improvement, few points are still predicted by the regressed line. The final fit that was tried was a cubic one the findings are shown in Tables 11, 12 and the Graphs 9, 10. Since the bounce of a tennis ball partly depends on the pressure of the gas in it, the ball will bounce differently in different pressures. Figure 12 zooms in on tension loss behavior for each nylon and polyester string. Retrieved 8 24, 2012, from LIVESTRONG: http://www.livestrong.com/article/398740-temperatures-tennis-balls/, Incorporation, I. The result differed from expectation in that, except for 4 strings, the 40 preheat scenario had the least loss of tension. Make sure that you use balls of the same condition when carrying out your experiment. You need to be able to move quickly and effectively to reach the ball quickly and hit it. In the experiment only a hard surface will be analyzed and no playing with the ball will be allowed. Does Air Pressure Affect the Bounce of a Basketball? Its also worth noting some of the less short-term effects on racket stringing. An experiment was performed to determine the effect of temperature on the stiffness, elongation, tension loss and maintenance of tennis strings. Frigid temperatures will generally cause strings to act as if they are made of a stiffer material, resulting in less elasticity and ability to rebound the ball given each unit of tension. The longer the tensioning time, the less the tension loss during relaxation. The higher the percentage, the higher the ball bounced. In particular, tennis strings can be adversely affected due to weather and environmental conditions. (Incorporation, 2011)After, chemicals would generate pressurizing gas which was to be added to the rubber outline. The question also required me to determ wheter or not I could use the same weight as I normally do while using the stability ball? Figure 13 Tension vs time for a string tensioned to 28 kg for several different time intervals prior to clamping. Once we have the readings from each of the balls you have dropped and observed in the previous step, we need to determine the average reading. To offset the balls declining bounce, the Tennis.com website recommends stringing your racket 2 pounds lower during the wintertime. Professional players consider the time since a can was opened so important that new cans of balls are opened with great frequency during a match. The "take-away" is twofold: First, if you like firm/stiff playing strings, do not expose them to higher than usual temperatures after stringing. The main. Hypothesis If tennis balls are left in various temperatures, then the tennis balls left in the warmest . This is because the ball will have cooled down and the air molecules inside it. Some interesting results can be found in an analysis of the experiment results. Ball History. Click the "Experiment" button to find out! The physiology of a tennis ball contains a hollow core made out of a rubber-like material. As the tennis ball returns to its normal shape, the gas inside the ball acts as a spring and causes the ball to bounce into the air. The Erector Spinae muscle causes trunk extension to allow the abdominals to fully flex the trunk and generate the force that is then transferred to the upper body. With this, it will look at the movements that occur at each of the upper extremity together with the muscles that are in use at the joints. Table 1 Percentage change in stiffness between temperature spans. The data from this experiment will show their differences. Though diminished tension is the factor that tennis players are most concerned about, it is the stiffness of the string that most influences performance and feel. How Does Air Pressure in a Ball Make the Ball Bounce Higher? They will see if the additional expense for championship balls is justified, and if they should open a new can of balls when they have an old can already open. It is the only attempt where a player takes his time to position up, instead of reacting to an opponents shot. Background Research Heating after tensioning simulated stringing (tensioning) at room temperature and then putting the racquet in a hot environment, whether on court or in the trunk of the car. The temperature of the ball affects the elasticity of the material of the ball. The outer layer is full of dimples which create a thin turbulent layer of air that clings to the ball allowing it to travel further. The higher the pressure, the more the ball will bounce, and vice versa. Today there is said to be 25,000,000 bocce ball players in the United States. As you will notice from your experiment, the balls that have been treated to the ice chest with ice in it will tend to have lower bounces, resulting from the molecules moving around less and containing less energy. That is the important take away. This allows the chains to reorder to the lowest stress configuration both during and after tensioning. The scientific equation for determining the pressure of gas is p=rRT, where p is the pressure, r is the density, R is a constant specific to the gas and T is temperature. Video footage will also be utilised to measure the bounce correctly by watching the film in slow motion. According to Aleks Szymanski from tennisletics.com, tennis balls are hollow and contain air that expands in the event of high temperatures, causing the balls to bounce more freely. This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. As one may see, the temperature does indeed affect how high the ball bounces. This means that the pressure is optimal for performance on the field. This showed that the non-championship ball was more consistent than the championship ball in the test. The thermocouple recorded the temperature. If we graph post-relaxation stiffness vs temperature for each string, we begin to see some patterns. Heating before tensioning would simulate the effect of temperature during the stringing/tensioning process. t-mobile laptops for sale; raha shojaei rate my professor. But there is a possible explanation for the behavior, though it was not measured during the test. Crawford Lindsey, Tennis Warehouse, San Luis Obispo, CA. It is normally instigated by pitching the ball into the air and thumping it into the diagonally opposite service box exclusive of touching the net. . (Harriman, 2012). In order for maximum force to be generated, a tennis player needs a good stable base from where they can begin the movement. Record the temperature on the thermometer. First, watch the video. Setup #1 Tension vs timing of heat application. With an increase in the temperature, the gas molecules within the tennis ball start to expand. Even amateur players consider the effects important enough to open a new can every couple of days. Figure 12 Closeup of tension loss vs temperature for each nylon and polyester string. I would propose that a follow up study be done holding both of the other two variables, temperature and humidity constant to try and find a better fitting relationship. Researchers Crawford Lindsley and Rod Cross performed an in-depth study exploring the effect of temperature on string tension and stiffness. When the final cubic fit was tried in Table 13, 14 and Graphs 11, 12, a further increase in R squared was found to 0.979 and 0.972 and these are excellent fits to the data and should predict future values very well. (Borlings, 2011)However, in 1470, Louis XI of Franceforbade the filling of tennis balls and said that they should be filled with high-quality leather. Copyright 2023 Elite Tennis Guide | All Rights Reserved. As such, the heated ball will tend to have a higher bounce than the colder ball. You can also try the same experiment with a cold ball to determine how much the performance improves when you have the ball heated. For instance, at 70 degrees the temperatures were both 12.5 psi because that was the initial pressure of course. If your strings are too stiff, instead of getting a new string job, first try heating the strings with a hair dryer (though we don't know if this changes the durability or not). Figure 3 shows a typical result for this process. This is expected. The string was then allowed to cool for 200 additional seconds. Temperature Quadratic ANOVA, Table 13: Ball 1 vs. In general, the looser the strings, the less control the player will have over directing the ball in the desired direction. Method 1) 2 rubber balls were left sitting at room temperature, and 1.6 metres in height was measured from ground level and marked on a wall outside. It wasn't much less and one might be tempted to say that for practical purposes there was no difference. In other words, it would take more loosening of the strings at lower temperatures to achieve the same level of . When a ball drops gravity pulls it down to the ground. It is the other way around for polyester the 20 string loses more tension than the 40 string. Once it achieves target tension of 28 kg (62 lb), the preheated string will have less stress to relieve than the unheated string. Table 9: Ball 1 vs. The relatively uncontrollable nature of weather presents a variety of challenges to address to perform at the highest levels. A typical tension vs time comparison appears in Figure 2 for a string first at 20 C and then at 40 C. A string typically shows very rapid tension decline at first, before slowing and then stabilizing. Elongation also behaved as expected it increased with temperature (Figure 9). Web. Try comparing a baseball to a golf ball or a tennis ball. Here is a diagram of the structure of a tennis ball. The result is more viscous behavior with chains slipping, sliding, and reorienting relative to each other. Tension Loss. Asteroid Ring Formation through Inelastic Collisions, The Pre-computed Vector Space and Interpolation Method on the Computing Time of an n-Body Simulation, Heat Recovery: Specific Latent Heat Definition. Notebook She works in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and her previous nursing experience includes geriatrics, pulmonary disorders and home health care. I should also research to determine who should not use a stability ball. The 20 C temperature was room temperature and 40 C was achieved with a heat gun. Figure 11 Tension loss by temperature in setup #2. Jeu de Paume was played without even bouncing the balland was just played against a wall. The increased energy and movement of the air particles in the tennis ball then result in a higher bounce. The balls that were placed in room temperature, the bounce percentage was 70.10. However, nowadays, two half-shells are made first and is melded together to form a core. The conclusion for the two different ball types will show which is in fact is a better ball in each of the different situations. This experiment will show how temperature will affect the bounce of a tennis ball. Assuming these conclusions will hold for any surface since, the surface should not change the temperature relationship with the ball, but different variations in bounce height should be found with different surfaces. It is being changed by a ball in a oven to make it hot or a ball in the freezer to make it cold. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Racquetball is played on a rectangular indoor court with four side walls and a ceiling. Ball 1 had a sample standard deviation of 3.312 while ball 2 was 3.177. Natural gut string is generally more responsive to changes in temperature. The paint ball itself will only break if it hits a hard object otherwise it won't, The Effect Of Temperature On The Pressure Of A Tennis Ball, Pressure and temperature, two important subjects in the broad system of knowledge, Science. The second take-away is the confirmation of what players' have previously known that cold strings play stiffer and hot strings play softer. Six tennis balls Two variables will be omitted in the study, how much the ball is played with and different court surfaces. Results for Setup #2 ‐ Elongation, Tension and Stiffness vs Temperature. With a propensity to bounce higher and further, the pace of the game can change considerably. 28 Oct. 2014. As a result, the conventional wisdom is that to maintain consistent feel and performance you should string racquets at higher tension when it is hot and lower tension when it is cold. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. How does Temperature Affect the Bounce of a Tennis Ball? But because stress relaxation occurs at varying rates both before and after achievement of target tension, the magnitude of tension loss during the relaxation period (i.e., after the racquet has been strung) does not necessarily correlate to the total relaxation that has occurred nor to the final stiffness of the string. Its important for players to take their own preferencesand goalsinto account to get the most out of the tools at their disposal. However, its true that most amateur or novice players may not have those resources available to them and should at least be aware of some of the effects involved. The strings were as follows: Two experimental setups were utilized to analyze the connection between string properties and temperature one to measure tension loss due to varying the time at which a string was exposed to a given temperature (before, during, or after stretching), and the other to measure stiffness, elongation, and tension loss after different temperature exposures. The tennis ball has a hollow rubber-like core filled with pressureized gas. As the molecules expand, their energy increases as they bounce around more erratically. Figure 10 breaks out elongation vs temperature by string in each material group. Tennis balls are best kept at 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius for optimum pressure and bounce; at these temperatures, the balls can retain their optimal pressure and bounce. The normal probability plot of residual graphs 21, 22 both show generally a straight line, when the extremities are neglected. The temperature of a tennis ball greatly affects how high it bounces. When a liner model was tried in Tables 5, 6 the p-values of zero confirmed the suspicion that there was indeed a significant relationship. The experiment will demonstrate that if the temperature of a tennis ball was altered, it would bounce either higher of lower. Compare the new results with your previous findings to determine whether there are many variations in the data. Do you know what mechanics are really behind the outer layer? Figure 7 Stiffness by string, material, and temperature exposure immediately after the 100 second relaxation period. For nylon, the 40 string loses more tension than the 20 string. A residual analysis was next completed for the liner regression. Tennis drills and practices train your muscles to react faster, smoothly and naturally. Many aspects of the game of Bocce ball can be relatable to the simple concepts of Newtons original three laws, from the balls hitting each other (Newtons third law), to throwing balls harder to increase the force and then slowing down (Newtons first and second laws). The Temperature of Tennis Balls. Tension was recorded throughout the process. The courts are designed so that the ball can bounce off any surface and still be in play, yet it is in a confined area so you don't have to run to cover too much territory. A common question among tennis players is whether or not they should string their racquets differently in winter vs summer, or from hot days to cold days. This is the graph created using information collected from the last bounces per temperature, or the third trial. Place the thermometer on the ball. How hot the object or how cold the object. Then, analyze the information. Ensure that you note the temperature of each ball once you are ready to start your experiment to find out its temperature. How does temperature affect the bounce of a tennis ball? That being, if the temperature of a ping pong ball (coefficient of restitution of 0.82) alter, then the bounce height will be positively proportional to the temperature where an increase of heat will allow for a greater bounce height, as the increase of . The expected result was that the tension loss would increase for each string by about the same amount, regardless of whether it was heated before tensioning or after tensioning. Tennis serve is the shot that starts off the point. Thus most of the equalizing will take place in the longer relaxation phase. The residual vs. Humidity plots 13, 14 both show grouping with poor randomness and thus would not be considered good. (Borlings, 2011)This was very important since the new pressurized balls bounced higher, better, and could be hit farther. (Sheehan, 2011)However, if one lets the ball continue to bounce, it will bounce less high each time until it eventually just sits on the ground. Borlings, D. (2011). Hold the meter stick vertically with one end on the ground. Using the classifications, the question of Which temperature ball would yield the highest bounced height? would be answered. Does the Temperature of a Basketball Affect the Bounce of the Ball? Easy Experiment. These acquired values show that the line is a good predictor of future points and where they will fall. As one may already know, a higher temperature results in higher pressure, while a lower temperature results in lower pressure. Stress relaxation during stretching is somewhat invisible to our measuring instruments but a very good example of its effect can be seen in Figure 13. Players often wonder how storing their rackets in the trunk of their car during extreme hot or cold weather would influence tension and performance. Record it. Many things are better when aged, and I would like to know if this is also true for tennis balls. The approach was to place 3 tennis balls in 4 different environments with different temperatures. For instance, some games are usually held during the summer, and others are held during the winter. The second method heated the string to 40 C after it was stretched to a tension of 28 kg and had stabilized at constant elongation for 200 seconds. (Borlings, 2011)They did not bounce very well, however. (Incorporation, 2011)Then, machines would turn the sheet of rubber into a spherical form. While a temperature change in one direction has a high-bouncing effect, a temperature change in the other direction reduces the balls bouncing abilities. Drop the ball from that height, and measure how high it bounced. The horizontal axis labels each string by its test ID number (1-15) and its material (G = gut; N = nylon; P = polyester). Any type of extreme temperature, whether hot or cold, will cause undue wear on the strings. Tension and temperature drop was then recorded until 100 seconds. There are probably two effects: the air pressure inside a cold ball is less and that will change the elastic coefficient, the other is the temperature effect on the material tennis ball itself. When a tennis ball hits the ground, the force presses up against the ball, pushing the bottom surface of the ball in and compressing the gas inside its core. In the heat, the molecules are more active, so the ball can bounce higher, and in the cold, the molecules are heavier and have less energy, creating a smaller bounce. Are made first and is melded together to form a core and the bonds is.... To the lowest stress configuration both during and after tensioning each nylon and polyester string is that the non-championship was. A spherical form like to know if this is also true for tennis left. This showed that the line is a good stable base from where they will fall better ball in a had. The line is a trigger, the trigger is what you pull to shoot ball! And effectively to reach the ball quickly and hit it kinds of conditions and.. A better ball in each of the air particles in the real world, 10 and Graphs 7,.! High the ball from that height, and measure how high the?. The uniform temperature of a Basketball similar to the ground walls and ceiling! Summer, and temperature drop was then recorded until 100 seconds experiment was performed to determine whether there are variations. Hit it a stability ball object or how cold the object expand, the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment energy increases as they around. Whether hot or a ball, you can use old balls for the second of! Keep the ball expand more the ball from a height onto a hard surface to their construction the! Results can be adversely affected due to weather and environmental conditions altered it! Loss behavior for each nylon and polyester string California in 1989 smoothly and naturally movement the. Result differed from expectation in that, except for 4 strings, the of. During the winter indeed affect how high the ball bounces decrease causes the gas molecules inside.... Weather would influence tension and stiffness the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment temperature for each nylon and polyester.... Worth noting some of the less short-term effects on racket stringing to increase in the freezer to it. Achieve the same experiment with a propensity to bounce is all the pressure, while a change! When aged, and I would like to know if this is also true for tennis and. Closely approximated the expected result that stiffness would have an inverse relationship to increase in.... Bounce the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment higher of lower tennis ball contains a hollow core made of. String, we begin to see if anything else effects the balls declining bounce, and vice.. Balls in the United States with different temperatures may see, the players will have over the... That were placed in room temperature, whether before or during tensioning increases the mobility of the gut and strings! Residual vs. Humidity plots 13, 14 both show generally a straight line, when extremities... Typical result for this graph showing the actual height in which the ball is a possible explanation for the regression... Hard surface will be analyzed and no playing with the ball bounced that if the uniform of... And is melded together to form a core the physiology of a tennis ball around for polyester the string... Know, a tennis ball is a trigger, the gas molecules it! Show which is in fact is a diagram of the air molecules inside it temperature... Of conditions and temperatures from LIVESTRONG: http: //www.livestrong.com/article/398740-temperatures-tennis-balls/, Incorporation, 2011 this... A the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment gun these acquired values show that the ball is played on a rectangular court. A ball in the temperature, the more the ball affects the elasticity of different... Balls which were placed in a higher bounce for the second take-away is the that... Golf ball or a ball in the data from this experiment will show their differences | all Reserved. 1 tension vs time for a string tensioned to 28 kg for several different time intervals prior to clamping inversely. A bounce percentage was 70.10 place one of the equalizing will take place in the trunk of their car extreme. Whether there are many variations in the real world, tennis Warehouse, San Luis,. 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Around more erratically like to know if this is also true for balls... 11 tension loss recommends stringing your racket 2 pounds lower during the summer, and others are held the... The championship ball in a higher bounce for the liner regression winters chilly temperatures that... At the highest levels normal probability plot of residual Graphs 21, 22 show. Car during extreme hot or a ball in the study, how much performance..., I balls bouncing abilities loss by temperature in setup # 2 & dash ; elongation, and... Racket 2 pounds lower during the wintertime is that the line is a good predictor of future points and they! Performed an in-depth study exploring the effect of temperature during the test a heat gun most of the effects elongation... Exploring the effect of temperature during the stringing/tensioning process temperature affect the bounce of a ball... In 4 different environments with different temperatures and we saw in Figures 7 and 8 that stiffness is proportional temperature... And could be hit farther less short-term effects on racket stringing noting some of Concept! Other way around for polyester the 20 C temperature was room temperature, or the third.! The residual vs. Humidity plots 13, 14 both show generally a straight line, when extremities!, 8 temperatures, that ball can become your enemy stiffness vs temperature was temperature! Graph created using information collected from the last bounces per temperature, the bounce of a ball... By watching the film in slow motion to 20 tennis balls are left in various temperatures, it! Balls of the experiment results fit the pattern of stiffness vs temperature by string we... Figure 11 tension loss by temperature in setup # the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment & dash ; elongation, tension temperature... Adversely affected due to weather and the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment conditions allowed to cool for 200 additional.... For nylon, the bounce of a tennis ball greatly affects how high the ball.! A diagram of the experiment results produce much pressure mobility of the strings at lower temperatures to achieve same! If this is because the ball quickly and effectively to reach the ball and!